What is happening? Who pushed the magic button and what button is that? It

In 1980, New York is hell. Are becoming more than 1,500 serious crimes. 6-7 murders a day. To walk the streets at night is dangerous, fedex home delivery and to travel on the subway is risky even in daytime. To attack a thief or meet a beggar's something fedex home delivery normal. Dirty gray platforms are barely lit. The cars is cold everywhere occurred junk, walls and ceilings are painted in last place with graffiti.
Here are the stories of eyewitnesses in the New York subway of those times: "Once you stand in endless queue token, I tried to put it in the tourniquet, but found that the machine is broken. Beside him was a beggar, it was broken and now urged passengers to give him chips. One of his friends leaned over and began removing trapped chips tooth and omarlya everything with saliva. Passengers were too scared to argue with these guys, "Well, get him this token of what I care!" Most people passed through the turnstiles without paying. It was a transport version of Dante's Inferno. "
The city is in the hands of the fiercest outbreak of crime in its entire history Then something inexplicable happens. Reaching its peak by 1990, crime began to fall sharply. In the next few years, murders fell by two thirds, and the number of serious crimes - half. At the end of the decade fedex home delivery in the subway are 75% less crime than at the beginning. For some reason, tens of thousands of psychopaths and criminals stop breaking the law.
What is happening? Who pushed the magic button and what button is that? It's called "broken windows theory". For it tells Canadian sociologist Malcolm Gladwell in his book "turning point" (Malcolm Gladwell: fedex home delivery The Tipping fedex home delivery Point): "Broken windows" are the brainchild of criminologists Wilson and Kelling. They claim that crime is the inevitable result of the lack of order. If a window is broken with glass and stays so passersby will conclude that no one cares and no one is responsible for anything. Will soon be broken fedex home delivery and the other windows and the climate of impunity will slide down the street, sending fedex home delivery signals across the district. Signal inviting to more serious crimes. "
Gladwell deals with social epidemics. He believes that a person violates the law not only (or even less) because of bad heredity or improper upbringing. A huge influence on him is that he sees around him. Dutch sociologists confirm fedex home delivery this idea. They conduct a series of interesting experiments.
For example, this: from cycle stands near the shop remove fedex home delivery all trash cans and attach the handlebars of bicycles left behind flyers. Monitor how many people will throw the leaflet on the tarmac and how much it will feel uncomfortable. Wall of the store, which is near the rack is perfectly clean. 33% of cyclists throw flyers on the street. The experiment was repeated after namatsana wall with graffiti. Garbage disposed of already 69% of cyclists.
But back in New York at the age of wildlife crime. In the mid-80s in the New York subway system was changed fedex home delivery management. The new director David Gunn began his work with ... against graffiti. Can not be said that the entire urban community enjoys it: "Boy, get serious issues - technical issues, fire safety, crime ... Do not spend our money on crap!" But Gunn is stubborn:
"Graffiti is a symbol of the collapse fedex home delivery of the system. If you begin reconstruction, fedex home delivery it first must overcome the graffiti. You do not win that battle, any reforms will not happen. We are ready to launch new trains, each of which is worth 10 million dollars, but if you do not protect them from vandalism, fedex home delivery now it is clear what will happen. They will withstand day, then will disfigure. fedex home delivery "And Gunn gives the command to clean cars. Line after line. Composition following composition. Every filthy car, every single day. "For us it was like a religious ministry" - he said later.
At the end of each route to make points for washing. Once the car arrives with graffiti on the walls, wash drawings, while paying, otherwise all wagon out of service. Dirty carriages yet neizmite graffiti do not mix with the clean. Gun sends a clear message to the vandals.
"We had a depot in Harlem, where cars abiding - razskazva it. - The first night there were teenagers and namatsaha walls of wagons with white paint. The next night, when the paint dries, they came and made loops, and the next began to color it all. That is - I worked three nights. We waited fedex home delivery to do "work." Then took and painted everything. The boys were upset to tears, but we left a trace. This was our "mesidzh" for them - "You end up killing 3 nights to disfigure the train? Welcome! But no one will see what you have done "... In 1990 the transport police chief William Bratton became. Rather than embark on a serious job - heavy